如何通过居住环境设计提高老年人身心健康水平是当前日趋严峻的老龄化社会面临的紧迫问题。通过选择广州市3种不同品质等级的9个居住小区为研究区域，结合问卷和访谈调查老年人对居住环境的景观品质、空间形态及微气候环境等健康效益的认知特征和差异。结果显示，不同品质居住区中老年人对环境健康效益的认知具有差异，高品质小区和老旧小区中老年人对居住区环境要素的健康效益认知水平总体都表现为微气候环境>空间形态>景观品质，但在具体环境构成因素认知程度方面存在差异；普通小区中老年人对居住区环境要素的健康效益认知水平表现为微气候环境＞景观品质＞空间形态。

How to improve the physical and mental health of the elderly through the design of the living environment is an urgent problem in the increasingly severe aging society. By selecting 9 residential quarters with 3 different quality levels in Guangzhou as the study area, this paper used questionnaire and interview to investigate the characteristics and differences of the elderly’s understanding of the health benefits of the living environment,such as landscape quality, spatial form, and microclimate environment. The results showed that there were differences in the understanding of environmental health benefits of the elderly among different quality residential quarters.The elderly both in high-quality and old residential quarters showed the highest level of understanding of the health benefits of microclimate environmental factors, followed by the spatial form and landscape quality,but differences in specific environment factors; the elderly in ordinary residential quarters showed the highest level of understanding of the health benefits of microclimate environmental factors,followed by landscape quality and spatial form.

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国家自然科学基金（编号 51808229）；广州市哲学社科规划2019 年度课题（编号 2019GZGJ53）